Pavel Nacev – CFI Education – SQL Fundamentals

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Pavel Nacev – CFI Education – SQL Fundamentals
SQL Fundamentals
Learn SQL’s foundational syntax and essential transformations with practical, hands-on examples.
Overview
SQL Fundamentals Course Overview
SQL plays a foundational role in Business Intelligence as it provides us with a way to extract data from databases for use in other BI tools.
This course covers SQL’s foundational syntax and essential transformations with practical, hands-on examples. To do this, learners are given access to an Azure Data Studio data warehouse from which they can run the queries taught throughout this course. Connecting to the data warehouse is simple and can be done from a Windows, iOS, or Linux computer.
This course will walk you through retrieving and filtering data from a database with basic SQL syntax, transforming that data with functions, combining data from multiple tables, best practices when using SQL, and common mistakes. By the end of this course, you’ll have the core skills business analysts need to extract data from a database using SQL.
SQL Fundamentals Learning Objectives
Upon completing this course, you will be able to:

Retrieve and filter data using basic SQL syntax
Transform data with the help of numerical, date, and text functions
Identify strategies for constructing an unbiased sample
Understand essential terminology related to SQL, databases, and data warehouses

Who should take this course?
The SQL Fundamentals is perfect for those with zero prior experience with SQL or for those who just want a refresher on the fundamentals and best practices. As with any coding language, SQL can be daunting, which is why this course starts with super simple examples and works slowly up to more complex theories. Every concept and step is explained clearly and with as non-technical language as possible.
What you’ll learn
Introduction

Course Outline

Student Downloads
Basic SQL Queries

Chapter Introduction

Installation and Introduction to Azure Data Studio

Creating a Connection to a Database

What is Adventure Works?

Example SQL Code

Saving Your Queries in Notepad

SELECT and FROM

SELECT Specific Columns

Creating a Column Alias

Using WHERE to Filter Rows

Checking the Impact of a WHERE Filter

Using GROUP BY to Combine Rows

Limiting Results to 1 Invoice Number for Testing

Using GROUP BY to Combine Invoice Numbers

Using HAVING to Filter Grouped Rows

Filtering Grouped Invoices with HAVING

SQL Order of Operations

Using ORDER BY to Sort Query Rows

Recap and Common Errors

Filtering Rows TOP N

Filtering Rows TOP N Percent

Filtering Rows OFFSET FETCH

FIltering Rows DISTINCT

ORDER BY Another Column

Chapter Summary & Student Exercise 1a

Student exercise 1a review

Student Exercise 1b

Student Exercise 1b Review

Student Exercise 1c

Student Exercise 1c Review
Manipulating Values with Functions

Chapter Introduction

Recap of Aggregate Functions

Counting Rows with COUNT( ) Aggregation

How Aggregate Functions Respond to NULL Values

The Importance of Data Types

Numeric Data Types

Numeric Functions

Where is the Boolean Data Type

Date and Time Data Types

Date Parts

Date and Time Functions

Date and Time Functions in Practice

The DATEADD Function

Working with Specific Dates

Server Properties Collation

Text or String Data Types

String Functions

The CONCAT String Function

LEN UPPER LOWER REPLACE String functions

Flexible LEFT and RIGHT Functions

Comparison Operators

Comparison Operators – Dealing with NULL

Logical Operators

Logical Operators – Common Errors

Advanced Logical Operators – IN and BETWEEN

IN and BETWEEN in Practice

Advanced Logical Operators – LIKE

LIKE in Practice

Using IIF Statements to Create a Conditional Column

Using a CASE Statement for Multiple Conditions

Basic SQL Formatting

Using IIF in a WHERE Statement

Replacing NULL Using IIF, ISNULL and COALESCE

Using CAST to Change the Data Type

Practical Examples Using CAST

Using a NATIONAL for UNICODE Best Practice

Chapter Review and Student Exercise 2a

Student Exercise 2a Review

Student Exercise 2b

Student Exercise 2b Review
SQL Theory

Chapter Introduction

A History of SQL

SQL Terminology

RDBMS Installation Options

Data Security

Types of Database System

Data Normalization in OLTP Systems

De-normalization in DW Systems

Fact and Dimension Tables

Relationships & Keys

The Star Schema

Snowflake Hybrid Schema
Working with Multiple Tables

Chapter Introduction

Relationships and ER Diagrams

Purpose of DW Relationships

Internet Sales Schema

Types of JOIN

A Basic INNER JOIN Using Sales and Customers

Returning Only the TOP 100 Customers

Order of Operations Review

INNER JOIN the Currency Table

HAVING or WHERE

When INNER JOIN Doesn’t Work

RIGHT JOIN to Retrieve Full Product Catalogue

LEFT JOIN vs RIGHT JOIN

Bridge Tables for Many-to-many Relationships

Creating JOINS Across Bridge Tables

Caution with Duplicate Data

Reading SQL Code

Appending Data with a UNION

Exploring the Reseller Schema

Creating a UNION between Internet and Reseller Sales

Identifying the Source of Each UNION Row

Using ORDER BY with a UNION

Other Types of JOIN

Creating a View

Querying a View

Creating Dynamic Results Using Subqueries

Chapter Summary and Student Exercise 4a

Exercise 4a Review

Student Exercise 4b

Student Exercise 4b Review
Advanced Functions and Queries

Chapter Introduction

Connecting to SQL Server from Power BI

Connecting to SQL from Tableau

Connecting to SQL Server from Excel

Using CUBE to Return Subtotals and Totals

Using ROLLUP to Return Subtotals and Totals

Common Scenario Percent of total

Introducing the Finance Schema

Student Exercise 5a

Student Exercise 5a Review

Student Exercise 5b

Student Exercise 5b Review
Qualified Assessment

Qualified Assessment